By John M. Harrison
A few of the thoughts taught right here have been utilized by CIA and FBI body of workers to impression surreptitious openings of mail in the past 3 a long time. Chapters comprise Dry Openings, rainy Openings, Steam Openings, Re-Sealing, Traps and lots more and plenty extra. A better half piece to Locks, selections, and Clicks, this ebook should be a useful source in settling on no matter if your mail has been tampered with or opened.
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In so doing he stirred up the doubts of al-Muktaf∞ who desired to keep the caliphate among the sons of his father, so he summoned the judges and made them witness the pledging of the pact succession to his brother. 189 Thus, it was left up to the vizier, al-≤AbbÆs bin al-√asan, to solve the problem. When the caliph was on the verge of death, al-≤AbbÆs began consulting four kuttÆb (scribes) of some standing and importance: Mu≈ammad bin DÆw∑d, Ibn ≤Abd∑n, Ibn al-FurÆt and ≤Al∞ bin ≤øsÆ, one after the other.
The Umayyads asked him to do this when he was on the verge of death, but he said: ‘No, by Allah, I will not do so. I found no happiness in its sweetness, so how should I find despair in its bitterness? e. 126 Thus, Mu≤Æwiyah II left the field wide open for the collision between the three principles which found those who would epitomise them: Ibn Zubayr represented the Islamic principle; MarwÆn bin al-√akam – the tribal principle; and KhÆlid bin Yaz∞d – the principle of inheritance. Let us discuss the circumstances for the choice of MarwÆn so that we can understand this situation.
113 Mu≤Æwiyah had assumed the caliphate due to the circumstances favouring him during the struggle with ≤Al∞. In any case, his shrewdness and his sword had their influence in his coming to power. In Mu≤Æwiyah’s triumph over the concept of election to determine the caliphate, or ignoring the principle of precedence and service in Islam, as well as affirming the importance of power and influence and attaining to rule, constitutes a revolt against the Islamic principle which holds that the source of rule is Allah.