By Aurel Croissant, David Kuehn, Philip Lorenz, Paul W. Chambers (auth.)
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Additional resources for Democratization and Civilian Control in Asia
Example text
As the legitimacy of elected rulers also rests on their ability to translate social interests into concrete policies (Newton & van Deth, 2005), this area is central to democratic rule. For this reason, it is imperative that elected civilians alone decide on the contents, scope, and duration of policies and have effective means of controlling and supervising their administrative implementation. The degree of civilian control over this area depends on the military’s influence over both decision making and implementation.
If the military’s influence over these decision-making areas is so strong, however, that it de facto controls the civilian decision-makers, can circumvent democratic procedures at any time, and dominates the political process; the political regime is neither democratic nor civilian. Second, the decision-making areas of national defense and military organization are less intertwined with the principles of popular sovereignty and civil liberties that underlie democracy. While relevant from the perspective Conceptualizing Civilian Control of the Military 41 of the civilians’ effective power to govern, weak civilian control over national defense and military organization is least likely to affect the functioning of the other partial regimes of embedded democracy.
5 Military organization This area comprises all of the policies that define the military’s missions, roles, and structure, and organization of the armed forces, and decisions Conceptualizing Civilian Control of the Military 35 about acquisition, logistics, training, and equipment, as well as personnel management and the military’s promotion system. 3 Even though it is critical in order to conduct defense policy, we conceptualize military organization as distinct from national defense. First, it is logically possible that civilians can effectively engage in defense decision making (for example, deciding on defense posture and military grand strategy) and effectively oversee the military’s conduct of external defense while being excluded from deciding on issues internal to the military such as cadet education.