By S. Onyeiwu
Onyeiwu makes a speciality of how occasions of the twenty-first century are shaping key sectors of African economies and societies. He means that, in comparison to East Asia and Latin the United States, Africa nonetheless has a ways to head, regardless of fresh advancements in functionality.
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Extra resources for Emerging Issues in Contemporary African Economies: Structure, Policy, and Sustainability
Sample text
In the past, Jonathan would have refused to step down, an action that would have resulted in instability and violence in the country. President Jonathan has joined the ranks of other African leaders, such as Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia and Abdoulaye Wade of Senegal, who relinquished power after they were defeated by opposition candidates. Reduction in the prevalence of violent conflict: Much of Africa was ravaged by violent conflict and political instability during the 1980s and 1990s. The level of conflict, however, has plummeted sharply during the past decade.
183). A sort of revolving door could, therefore, be seen in Africa: financial institutions mobilize capital from the state and individual depositors and channel those deposits to the privileged middle and upper classes in form of consumer, mortgage, and commercial loans. Most of these loans are not adequately collateralized. ” This eventually leads to liquidity and capitalization problems among the financial institutions, threatening the entire financial system. 22 “Irrational exuberance” in the housing market: There is a two-way relationship between economic growth and the real-estate market.
Africa’s middle class derives much of its income from banking, extractive industries, public service, and politics. Because little of this new wealth is generated within the manufacturing and other productive sectors, there is concern that consumption spending by this class may be too unstable for growth sustainability. Another concern about Africa’s new middle class is that its members may have been overleveraged because of easy access to credit and poor risk management by Africa’s financial institutions, which are usually bailed out with public funds.