By Bruce E. Johansen, Barry M. Pritzker
From the origins of local American cultures over the years of colonialism and non-Native enlargement to the current, Encyclopedia of yank Indian historical past brings the tale of local american citizens to lifelike no different earlier reference at the topic. that includes the paintings of a few of the field's most effective students, it explores this primary and foundational point of the yank adventure with amazing intensity, breadth, and forex, rigorously balancing the views of either local and non-Native Americans.Encyclopedia of yankee Indian heritage spans the centuries with 3 thematically equipped volumes (covering the interval from precontact via eu colonization; the years of non-Native growth (including Indian removal); and the trendy period of reservations, reforms, and reclamation of semi-sovereignty). every one quantity comprises entries on key occasions, locations, humans, and matters. The fourth quantity is an alphabetically prepared source offering histories of local American international locations, in addition to an intensive chronology, subject finder, bibliography, and word list. for college kids, historians, or somebody attracted to the local American event, Encyclopedia of yankee Indian heritage brings that have to existence in an extraordinary manner.
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Extra resources for Encyclopedia of American Indian History (4 volume set)
Sample text
Other raw materials included obsidian, jade, jasper, amber, shells, whalebone, and stone. In general, the level of craftsmanship of tools and other objects was extremely high. Although most men could craft objects of wood, canoe making was a particularly specialized profession. With the gradual accumulation of wealth, hierarchical social ranking became a key feature of most Northwest Coast societies. Status was quite rigid and tended to be inherited, although some movement was possible. Typically, four groups existed: nobility, upper-class free, lower-class free, and slaves (who were technically not members of society at all).
Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. , and Tyrel G. Moore, eds. 1987. A Cultural Geography of North American Indians. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Sturtevant, William, ed. 1978. Handbook of North American Indians. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. Swanton, John R. 1946, reprinted 1979. The Indians of the Southeastern United States. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 137. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 137. Tanner, Helen Hornbeck, ed. 1987. Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History.
Like their California neighbors, some groups manipulated their natural environment through regular burning to increase the yield of certain plant and animal foods. People using twined Indian hemp tule, and spruce and cedar root made a great variety of products, such as hats, bedding, nets, mats, and fine baskets. Canoes, both dugout and bark, served for water transportation. With relatively easy access to neighboring regions of North America, Plateau people traded widely and extensively. Indeed, The Dalles, located at the head of the Columbia gorge, was one of the most important trade centers in North America.