By Myer Kutz
The 5th quantity of the Wiley sequence in Environmentally wakeful Engineering, Environmentally wakeful Transportation offers a starting place for realizing and imposing tools for decreasing the environmental influence of a variety of transportation modes, from deepest vehicles (with a separate bankruptcy on biofuels) to heavy vans and buses to rail and public transportation structures to plane. every one bankruptcy has been written by way of a number of specialists who, in accordance with their hands-on box event, current correct functional and analytic ideas for reinforcing the integrity and reliability of transportation autos and infrastructure, in addition to for measuring and restricting the pollutants as a result of transportation actions. furthermore, the publication explains tips on how to fulfill key enterprise ambitions, comparable to maximizing gains, whereas assembly environmental objectives.Content:
Chapter 1 the commercial and Environmental Footprints of Transportation (pages 1–13): Lester B. Lave and W. Michael Griffin
Chapter 2 Public Transportation and the surroundings (pages 15–46): Michael D. Meyer
Chapter three Transportation and Air caliber (pages 47–55): Mohan M. Venigalla
Chapter four The Social fee of motorized vehicle Use within the usa (pages 57–96): Mark A. Delucchi
Chapter five traffic jam administration (pages 97–127): Nagui M. Rouphail
Chapter 6 electrical and Hybrid car layout and function (pages 129–189): Andrew Burke
Chapter 7 Hydraulic Hybrid cars (pages 191–211): Amin Mohaghegh Motlagh, Mohammad Abuhaiba, Mohammad H. Elahinia and Walter W. Olson
Chapter eight Biofuels for Transportation (pages 213–256): Aaron Smith, Cesar Granda and Mark Holtzapple
Chapter nine Life?Cycle review as a device for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure administration (pages 257–282): Gerardo W. Flintsch
Chapter 10 Pavement and Bridge administration and upkeep (pages 283–299): Sue McNeil
Chapter eleven affects of the Aviation region at the atmosphere (pages 301–329): Victoria Williams
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Additional resources for Environmentally Conscious Transportation
Example text
Noise Issue: Transit vehicles and facilities generate noise in a variety of ways. For example, the interaction between a vehicle’s wheels and the guideway (such as rails) can create squeal that is irritating to those nearby. Other sources of noise might include vehicle breaking, horns and crossing gate bells, ventilation systems, tire/roadway interactions, vehicle start-up and idling, and the general background noise that emanates from facilities such as storage or maintenance yards. Similar to noise analyses for other surface transportation modes, transit noise is measured with various indicators, including the following: • • • • • The A-weighted sound level describes a receiver’s noise at any moment in time.
Equity/Environmental Justice Issues Issue: In the United States, a 1994 presidential executive order directed every federal agency to consider environmental justice as part of its mission. This was defined primarily as identifying and addressing the effects of all programs, policies, and activities on minority populations and low-income populations. For transportation, this was further defined as meeting the following three objectives: 1. Avoid, minimize, or mitigate disproportionately high and adverse human health and environmental effects, including social and economic effects, on minority populations and low-income populations.
5 Mitigating the Environmental Impacts As described in the previous sections, public transit facilities and services can have a potentially very wide range of environmental impacts. Environmental studies and assessments determine which of these impacts are likely to have the most important consequences to the metropolitan area and local communities. When making a decision to invest in a transit project, decision makers must also identify the mitigation program that will be put in place to reduce negative impacts.