By Roar Gudding, Atle Lillehaug, Oystein Evensen
Fish farming, in seawater and in freshwater, in cages, tanks or ponds, makes an ever-increasing and demanding contribution to the creation of aquatic nutrients in lots of areas of the area. over the last few a long time there was major growth and enlargement within the aquaculture quarter, characterised through intensified construction and the exploitation of many new species. Aquaculture needs to be a sustainable �Read more...
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Extra resources for Fish Vaccination
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J Bacteriol 38: 91–100. B. 1942. The oral immunization of trout against Bacterium salmonicida. J Immunol 44: 87–94. , 1986. Vibrio salmonicida sp. , a new fish pathogen. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 36: 518–20. E. ) 1988. Fish Vaccination. London, Academic Press. Ellis, A. 1997. P. Pastoret, J. Blancou, P. Vannier and C. Verschueren). Amsterdam, Elsevier, 411–17. E. 1990. Immune responses and protection after vaccination of farmed Atlantic salmon against bacterial diseases. PhD thesis, Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo.
DNA vaccines elicit production of an antibody response, as well as cellular immunity. There are many experimental DNA vaccines against fish diseases, and in 2010 a DNA vaccine against infectious hematopoietic necrosis was licensed in Canada and the US. The safety of DNA vaccines has been questioned for some time. The license is therefore an indication that the regulatory authorities accept the documentation of safety. 16 Fish Vaccination There are many similarities between the immune system in mammals and birds on the one hand, and fish on the other.
Mowat and M. Rweyemanu). FAO Animal Production and Health Services No. 35. Rome, FAO, 127–42. Ambrosius, H. 1967. Untersuchungen über die Immunglobuline niederer Wirbeltiere. Allerg Asthma 13: 111–19. Ambrosius, H. and Lehmann, R. 1965. Beiträge zur Immunbiologie poikilothermer Wirbeltiere. III Der Einfluss von Adjuvanten auf de Antikörper-produktion. Acta Biol Med Ger 14: 830–44. P. and Hennesen, W. (eds) 1981. Fish biologics: serodiagnostics and vaccines. Dev Biol Stand 49: 496 pp. , Sommerset, I.