By Norbert Finzsch, Robert Jütte
A research of the advance of prisons, hospitals and insane asylums in the US and Europe that grew out of discussions among its editors approximately their paintings at the historical past of hospitals, terrible aid, deviance, and crime, and a next convention that tried to evaluate the affects of Foucault and Elias. Seventeen individuals from six assorted nations with backgrounds in historical past, sociology and criminology make the most of numerous methodological ways and mirror many of the viewpoints within the theoretical debate over Foucault's paintings.
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Additional resources for Institutions of Confinement: Hospitals, Asylums, and Prisons in Western Europe and North America, 1500-1950
Sample text
To arrive at a better understanding of the complex relationship between imprisonment and physical penalties, it is imperative that we adopt a developmental perspective. We may start by acknowledging that around 1600 the idea of alternatives was expressed by only a few people. In the process of tracing them, we come upon an unsuspected literary analogy. EARLY PRISON-WORKHOUSES: FORCED LABOR AND UTOPIA In a book published in 1587 the Dutch writer Coornhert advocated putting serious criminals to work instead of executing them.
Q. Henriques, "The Rise and Decline of the Separate System of Prison Discipline," Past and Present, no. , 1982); Gordon Wright, Between the Guillotine and Liberty: Two Centuries of the Crime Problem in France (New York and Oxford, 1983); Frank Mecklenburg, Die Ordnung der Gefdngnisse: Grundlinien der Gefdngnisreform und Gefdngniswissenschaft in der ersten Hdlfte des 19. Jahrhunderts in Deutschland (Berlin, 1983); and Jacques-Guy Petit, Ces peines obscures: La prison penale en France, 1780-1875 (Paris, 1990).
From the 1840s onward this system enjoyed increasing favor among lawyers and politicians. Whereas in other countries solitary confinement often was imposed on a minority of convicts, in the Netherlands it was imposed on the majority. The criminal code of 1886 made it into a universal practice. 28 Although this regime was heavily criticized and moderated in certain respects in the 1920s and 1930s, its basic characteristics remained unchanged throughout the first half of the twentieth century. Thus, penal developments in the Netherlands deviated from the European mainstream in two respects: solitary confinement played a greater role in the penal system, and it was practiced longer.