By John Vicente, David Hutchison
This e-book constitutes the refereed complaints of the seventh IFIP/IEEE foreign convention on administration of Multimedia Netwoks and companies, MMNS 2004, held in San Diego, CA, united states in October 2004. The sixteen revised complete papers provided have been conscientiously reviewed and chosen from eighty four papers submitted. The papers are geared up in topical sections on multimedia over instant, adaptive multimedia streaming, novel protocols in instant structures, scalable multimedia platforms, MPLS: bandwidth provisioning and regulate, disbursed platforms administration, proactive caliber of provider, multimedia provider keep an eye on and administration, and mobility: keep watch over and administration.
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Extra resources for Management of Multimedia Networks and Services
Sample text
For FEC efficiency 6, it is suitable to keep the number of information packets (k) as high as possible with few redundant packets. Actually, a higher number of information packets leads to better granularity, which allows adjusting the redundancy rate more precisely according to wireless channel conditions. As an example, if a Frame to be transmitted has a size of 10 Kbytes, a packet payload size (NALUSize) of 1 Kbyte will result in 10 RTP packets. This makes the precision at which the error protection can be applied in units of 10%.
3, the redundant FEC packets protect temporally scattered RTP packets in order to cope with wireless sporadic packet losses. This increases the FEC efficiency through improving the error resiliency at clients’ side. Fig. 3. Scattered video packets protection. 264 Video Multicast 19 Within UI-FEC, the time is divided into transmission rounds. A transmission round ends when the sender transmits the last packet of a Frame. Each Frame is divided into several UBs (Unequal loss protection Block). An UB consists of n = k + h packets (see Fig.
In addition, all directed traffic uses immediate positive acknowledgment (ACK frame) where retransmission is scheduled by the sender if no ACK is received. 11b unicast communications, all wireless data frames are acknowledged by the receiver. Furthermore, each retransmission introduces an additional latency due to triggering of the collision avoidance routine. The sender uses limited retransmission persistence, so the data can be dropped at the source after several retransmission attempts. In case of multicast or broadcast traffic, however, the data packets are not acknowledged, and hence no retransmission is performed on the MAC/Logical link layer; this mode of communication reduces transmissions delays while making communications less reliable.