By C. Donald Ahrens
Grounded within the clinical approach, this attractive and hugely visible textual content indicates scholars tips to discover, calculate, and synthesize details as budding scientists, systematically examining meteorological recommendations and matters. particular discussions middle on critical climate structures, akin to tornadoes, thunderstorms, and hurricanes, in addition to daily parts, comparable to wind, precipitation, condensation, plenty and fronts, and the seasons. occasions and concerns dominating today’s information cycles additionally obtain thorough awareness, and contain research of Superstorm Sandy, the Oklahoma tornadoes, fresh findings from the united states nationwide weather evaluate and the Intergovernmental Panel on weather swap, and extra.
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In his booklet, John eco-friendly provides a distinct own perception into the basics of fluid mechanics and atmospheric dynamics. Generations of scholars have benefited from his lectures, and this ebook, a long time within the making, is the results of his extensive educating and examine adventure. the idea of fluid movement has constructed to such an quantity that very advanced arithmetic and types are presently used to explain it, yet the various primary effects persist with from fairly easy concerns: those vintage ideas are derived the following in a unique, special, and from time to time even idiosyncratic, method.
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The oceans act as a huge reservoir for CO2, as phytoplankton (tiny drifting plants) in surface water fix CO2 into organic tissues. Carbon dioxide that dissolves directly into surface water mixes downward and circulates through greater depths. Estimates are that the oceans hold more than 50 times the total atmospheric CO2 content. 5 illustrates important ways carbon dioxide enters and leaves the atmosphere. EARTH And ITS ATMOSPHERE Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.
Pounds per square inch is, of course, just one way to express air pressure. Presently, the most common unit found on surface weather maps is the millibar (mb)* although the metric equivalent, hectopascal (hPa), is gradually replacing the millibar as the preferred unit of pressure on surface charts. Another unit of pressure is inches of mercury (Hg), which is commonly used in the field of aviation and in weather reports on television, radio, smartphones, and the Internet. 92 in. Hg Billions of air molecules push constantly on the human body.
9. 10 also illustrates how rapidly air pressure decreases with height. Near sea level, atmospheric pressure is usually close to 1000 mb. Normally, just above sea level, atmospheric pressure decreases by about 10 mb for every 100 meters (m) increase in altitude—about 1 inch of mercury (Hg) for every 1000 feet (ft) of rise. At higher levels, air pressure decreases much more slowly with height. With a sea-level pressure near 1000 mb, we can see in Fig. 5 mi), the air pressure is about 500 mb, or half of the sea-level pressure.