By Xing Zhang, D.J. Sanderson
Our realizing of the subsurface procedure of the earth is turning into more and more subtle either on the point of the behaviour of its elements (solid, liquid and fuel) in addition to their adaptations in house and time. The implementation of coupled versions is key for the certainty of a growing number of typical phenomena and in predicting human influence on these.The starting to be curiosity within the relation among fluid circulate and deformation in subsurface rock structures that characterise the higher crust has ended in more and more really expert wisdom in lots of branches of earth sciences and engineering. A multidisciplinary topic facing deformation and fluid movement within the subsurface method is emerging.While learn within the topic zone of faulting, fracturing and fluid move has resulted in major development in lots of diverse components, the method has tended to be "reductionist", i.e. regarding the isolation and simplification of phenomena in order that they will be taken care of as unmarried actual methods. the truth is that many procedures function jointly inside of subsurface platforms, and this is often fairly real for fluid movement and deformation of fractured rock plenty. the purpose of this ebook is to start to discover how advances in numerical modelling might be utilized to knowing the complicated phenomena saw in such systems.Although in most cases according to unique examine, the publication additionally contains the elemental ideas and sensible equipment of numerical modelling, particularly particular aspect equipment. This quantity explores the rules of numerical modelling and the methodologies for probably the most very important difficulties, as well as offering functional versions with unique discussions on numerous issues.
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Additional resources for Numerical Modelling and Analysis of Fluid Flow and Deformation of Fractured Rock Masses, First Edition
Sample text
1990), the value of K must be selected carefully, as discussed by Zhang and Sanderson (1997b). This is because the deformation of the region surrounding the boundary elements is greatly determined by the stiffness of the surrounding material. It is also possible to surround the block assembly with a porous medium in order to simulate fluid flow on a larger scale while keeping the number of blocks reasonable. The variation of pressure across the inner boundary of the porous element is continuous, and flow to or from a fracture is accounted for in the adjacent grid-zone such as to satisfy the fluid-mass balance.
Overburden, far field stresses and removal of material). Since there are usually large uncertainties associated with specific conditions, in particular the state of in-situ stress, deformability and strength properties, a reasonable range of parameters needs to be investigated. 5. Running Detailed Models When preparing a series of computer simulations, many aspects should be considered, which include the following: How much memory (RAM) will be required to run the job? Is the computer memory big enough for such a job?
In general, the fluid pressure tended to open the fractures, and the direction of opening was related to the direction of applied stresses and the geometry of the fractures. The variation, in both magnitude and direction of displacements of zones within the blocks (Figures 2-7b and27d) indicates rotations of the blocks. This can be confirmed in Figure 2-8 where different blocks had different rotations in terms of direction and magnitude. The hydro-apertures of the models are show in Figure 2-9.