By OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop
With greater than seven-hundred million citizens dwelling in rural components, China continues to be a predominantly rural nation. yet regardless of great advancements in criteria of dwelling, the chinese language nation-state is basically lagging in the back of. This file analyses the most important socio-economic forces at paintings in China's rural parts and discusses the present govt technique for rural improvement. It argues that during order to bridge rural-urban divides the present coverage strategy must pass extra in recognising rural-urban complementarities past agriculture and that food-security pursuits have to be balanced with wider rural improvement goals. desk of content material : Acronyms and Abbreviations phrases in chinese language overview and proposals bankruptcy 1. Profile of Rural China -Key issues -Population and Migration -Socioeconomic traits -Service supply: entry and caliber -Economic constitution and function -Unexploited power and Environmental Threats -Summary -Annex 1.A1. extra bins, Tables and Figures -Annex 1. A2. Measuring Rural in China bankruptcy 2. coverage evaluation -Key issues -Approach to Rural coverage -Rural coverage and govt demanding situations -Annex 2.A1. extra packing containers, Tables and Figures bankruptcy three. coverage techniques -Key issues -Multi-Level Governance -Land Use -Service supply -Economic Diversification -Environmental safety -Summary -Annex 3.A1. extra stable perform bins -Anenx 3.A2. legislation, Provisions, and important records on the topic of chinese language Rural Land Use coverage Bibliography
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Financial institutions can play a key role: The availability of financial resources can be the critical determinant of whether rural assets are turned into marketable opportunities or not. However, as in many other countries, there are several deterrents for private financial markets to operate in rural areas. These include: limited presence of financial institutions' branches, especially in remote localities; lack of secure property rights and a properly functioning legal system; small size and volume of deals; high default rates and difficulties for recovering credit; small 42 OECD RURAL POLICY REVIEWS: CHINA – ISBN 978-92-64-05956-6 – © OECD 2009 ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS size loans and the high “cost” of information.
However, these improvements need to be embodied into law to have judicial force. Existing eminent domain laws echo the constitutional requirement that any expropriation of collectively owned land must be “in the public interest”. But these laws give no precise definition of public interests under which the eminent domain power may be exercised. Under the current system, the state enjoys a monopoly over land markets for non-agricultural uses and commercial developers must rely on the state to expropriate the land for their commercial development.
The sheer number of ministries and agencies involved in rural policy design, implementation and monitoring should be reconsidered and more formal contacts between them established. Useful examples are offered by recent experiences in various countries and range from national level rural policy coordination mechanisms defined by law to the creation of an integrated ministry and to more flexible, but formalised co-ordination tools. There are also great margins to increase the capacity of central ministries through “rural proofing” mechanisms which check respective sectoral policies for their 34 OECD RURAL POLICY REVIEWS: CHINA – ISBN 978-92-64-05956-6 – © OECD 2009 ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS impact on rural areas and established NSC or other rural policy goals.