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By Stefano Salvatore
Metamaterials are artificially designed fabrics engineered to obtain their houses via their particular constitution instead of their composition. they're thought of a big clinical leap forward and feature attracted huge, immense cognizance over the last decade. the key problem in acquiring an optical metamaterial energetic at obvious frequencies is the fabrication of complicated non-stop metal buildings with nano metric features.
This thesis offers the fabrication and characterization of optical metamaterials made by way of block copolymer self meeting. This method permits fabrication of an exciting and intricate non-stop 3D structure referred to as a gyroid, that is replicated into energetic plasmonic fabrics equivalent to gold. The optical homes endowed by means of this actual gyroid geometry comprise aid of plasma frequency, terribly improved optical transmission, and a envisioned detrimental refractive index. to this point, this can be the 3D optical metamaterial with the smallest good points ever made.
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Extra resources for Optical Metamaterials by Block Copolymer Self-Assembly
Sample text
Macromolecules 3(98):3815–3823 6. Segalman RA (2005) Patterning with block copolymer thin films. Mater Sci Eng R: Reports 48(6):191–226 7. Matyjaszewski K, Xia J (2001) Atom transfer radical polymerization. Chem Rev 101(9):2921–2990 8. Kamber NE, Jeong W, Waymouth RM, Pratt RC, Lohmeijer BGG, Hedrick JL (2007) Organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization. Chem Rev 107(12):5813–5840 9. Zalusky AS, Olayo-Valles R, Wolf JH, Hillmyer MA (2002) Ordered nanoporous polymers from polystyrene-polylactide block copolymers.
The chapter will commence describing the fabrication technique and the optical properties of the gold hollow gyroid, compared to the gold gyroid discussed in the previous chapters, referred to ‘normal gyroid’. I will then discuss the properties of ‘composite’ metamaterials employing different metals and dielectrics in the gyroidal structure. A similar fabrication methodology was also pursued to fabricate amorphous carbon hollow gyroids which are relevant in high performance battery applications.
The reflectivity of the gold gyroid is characterized by a dip at around 520 nm and a steady increase towards longer wavelengths. A remarkable transmission of 20 % was found for a 300 nm thick layer with the smaller gyroid unit cell. This high transmission across a several-hundred-nanometerthick layer with Au volume fractions of 30 % is evidence for the transport of the optical energy flux through the strut network by plasmon resonances which is the hallmark of an optical metamaterial. 1 Thin Wires Model The optical properties of the gold gyroid can be understood considering in first approximation the gyroid in a simplified wire array model.