By John Philoponus, Inna Kupreeva
Of Philoponus' remark on the Meteorology basically that on chapters 1-9 and 12 of the 1st booklet has been preserved. it's translated during this sequence in volumes, the 1st overlaying chapters 1-3; the second one (this quantity) chapters 4-9 and 12. the topics mentioned right here comprise the character of fiery and lightweight phenomena within the sky, the formation of comets, the Milky approach, the houses of wet exhalation, and the formation of hail. Philoponus can pay designated awareness to the excellence among the obvious and the genuine one of the sky phenomena; he criticises Aristotle's thought of the Milky means as sublunary, and argues for its beginning within the heavenly realm; offers an in depth exposition of Aristotelian thought of antiperistasis, mutual alternative of the new and the chilly, because the mechanism of condensation and comparable methods. As within the first quantity, Philoponus demonstrates scholarly erudition and familiarity with equipment and result of post-Aristotelian Greek technological know-how. regardless of the fragmented country of the paintings and the style of observation, the reader will locate the weather of a coherent photograph of the cosmos in line with an intensive re-thinking of Aristotelian meteorology and physics. the quantity might be of curiosity to all scholars of old and medieval philosophy, historical past of Early sleek philosophy, background and philosophy of science.
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In his ebook, John eco-friendly offers a different own perception into the basics of fluid mechanics and atmospheric dynamics. Generations of scholars have benefited from his lectures, and this e-book, a long time within the making, is the results of his extensive instructing and examine event. the idea of fluid stream has built to such an quantity that very advanced arithmetic and types are at present used to explain it, yet some of the basic effects keep on with from rather basic issues: those vintage ideas are derived right here in a singular, exact, and now and then even idiosyncratic, manner.
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19. Cf. 66,23-5 and n. 70 ad loc. 20. See 109,31-2 and n. 316 ad loc. 21. See 110,14 and n. 320 ad loc. 22. See 103,37 and n. 284. 23. Proclus in Tim. 62,22-63,20, cf. Neugebauer 1975, V B 7, 6 (918-19 and n. 9). 24. See 110,14 and n. 320 below. R. Sorabji suggests this with respect to the attribution of nine spheres to Ptolemy by Philoponus in De opif. 7. It is perhaps important to note that speaking of eight spheres, Ptolemy refers to the spheres of ‘fixed’ stars, the sun, and the outermost of the set of nested spheres that contribute to the motion of the moon and each of the five planets (cf.
Along every dimension of the place in which they come to be. Their way of coming to be, he says, is twofold, one when such matter is burnt, evidently, by the revolution of the heavenly bodies, another when it is forced and squeezed out, as though hurled. In order to make his explanation clear, the occurrence should be considered as follows. e. that of the tinder (for that is the limit of its motion), or remain below if it is prevented from travelling forward by advancing cold, and therefore condensed, air which does not allow it any passage upwards.
5. Cf. Philoponus in An. Pr. 1,1-4. 6. See 3,14-16 (vol. 1, p. 31). 7. See above, nn. 3, 4. 8. On the authorship problem with Alexander’s Meteorology commentary, see Sharples 1987, 1184. 9. See 64,33-5 and n. , and discussion at pp. 17-18 and n. 55 below. 10. 3 also defends Aristotelian and Alexander’s version of the theory of sun’s heating by friction, developing some new arguments against possible objections. 11. g. the multiple reflections, 108,10-11 and n. 309 below. 12. , n. 157 at 79,30-6 below.