By Gudrun Köchendorfer-Lucius, Boris Pleskovic
The Berlin Workshop sequence 2009 offers chosen papers from conferences held from September 30 – October 2, 2007, on the 10th annual discussion board co-hosted by way of InWEnt and the area financial institution in coaching for the Bank’s global improvement record. on the 2007 conferences, key researchers and coverage makers from Europe, the us, and constructing nations met to spot and brainstorm on spatial disparities and improvement coverage, that are later tested extensive within the 'World improvement file 2009'.
This quantity offers papers from the Berlin Workshop periods on matters on the subject of figuring out spatial traits: views and types; new monetary geography and the dynamics of technological switch: implications for constructing nations; views on rural-urban transformation: major, lagging and interlinking locations; spatial disparity and exertions mobility; state realities and coverage suggestions; studying from Europe’s efforts at integration and convergence; and spatial coverage for development and fairness.
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Additional info for Spatial Disparities and Development Policy: Berlin Workshop Series 2009 (Berlin Workshop Series 2009)
Example text
Some factors are truly exogenous—such as first-nature geography—and others are a function of political and institutional history. On top of these exogenous factors, we need to place a theory of the location of economic activity. International trade theory gets us part of the way, and the new economic geography approach broadens this out to capture (in a micro-founded and evidence-based way) endogenous variations in productivity. The approach offers an explanation for the emergence of disparities between countries and regions and their persistence.
Yet such piggy-backing depends on two things. First, the more fortunately endowed neighbors have to take advantage of their opportunities, which in Africa has not happened, and, second, they have to run the regional economy in such a way as to maximize spillovers, which means good transport, low transport costs, and open trade policies regarding your neighbors, none of which has occurred in Africa. So far, that has not mattered because there has been little growth to spill over. As it were, the sequence for growth in resource-scarce, landlocked countries is, first, to fix the more fortunate neighbors and, second, to integrate with the more fortunate neighbors.
1 0 300 600 1,200 2,400 4,500 GDP per capita (US$) agriculture Source: Chenery and Syrquin 1986. manufacturing services 9,000 SPATIAL PATTERNS OF POPULATION AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY | 41 agriculture to manufacturing and services drives the spatial movement of population from rural areas to cities. Cross-sectional data suggest a strong correlation between urbanization and economic growth (see table 1). In part, urbanization is a consequence of economic growth and structural transformation. In turn, the increasing concentration of economic activity in intermediate towns and large cities serves as an accelerator, contributing to faster rates of economic growth through economies of agglomeration and lower transaction costs.