By Annie York, Andrea Laforet
Residing alongside the banks of the Fraser River in southwestern British Columbia, the Nlaka’pamux humans of Spuzzum have ahd a protracted historical past of touch with non-Aboriginal peoples. In 1808 they hosted Simon Fraser as an in a single day visitor. Later they watched as fur investors hunted for delivery routes in the course of the mountains of the Fraser Canyon, and observed miners, settlers, and retailers flood into their kingdom in the course of and after the gold rush. due to the fact then, the Nlaka’pamux have came upon themselves within the direction of the Cariboo street, the Canadian Pacific Railway, and nearly some other advertisement and province-building initiative undertaken within the region.
Spuzzum is ready the reaction of an Aboriginal neighborhood to occasions starting with Simon Fraser’s stopover at in 1808 and finishing with the second one global battle. in response to an extended collaboration among ethnologist Andrea Laforet and the past due Annie York, a Nlaka’pamux resident of Spuzzum, this booklet supplies voice and form to the folk who created, and re-created, the lifetime of this group in this time. Encounters among Spuzzum humans and Europeans are explored via narratives, own thoughts, and kinfolk albums of Spuzzum humans, in addition to via missionaries’ journals, explorers’ money owed, and different archival files. within the ultimate bankruptcy Andrea Laforet examines either Nlaka’pamux and eu methods of understanding the prior within the context of present literature from anthropology, historical past, and ethnohistory.
In the wake of the selections within the Delgamuukw case, the development and interpretation of the earlier in either Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal societies has develop into a topic of important value. In reading the background of the group during this mild, Spuzzum makes an important unique contribution to the examine of First countries background and ethnohistory.
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Extra resources for Spuzzum: Fraser Canyon Histories, 1808-1939
Example text
Min'm) were named for activities that were customary there. Some of the names, such as Sxaxst and Spsspeps, may simply have been position markers. Other names indicate temporary resting areas, camping places, and resource areas. Life in Spuzzum was shaped by the mountains, the river, and the creeks but even more fundamentally by the Nlaka'pamux understanding of the world itself. The land was alive with the possibility of communication or encounters between human beings and nonhuman beings, who might appear in the waking world as animals or trees but were themselves beings with special knowledge and the ability to affect the lives of people.
Winter villages, fishing stations, summer camping areas, mountains, berry-gathering areas, resting places along trails - all were named. The places described in the appendix represent only a portion of those known to Spuzzum people 150 years ago. Creeks were often designated by the term scwew'xw, 'creek,' plus the name of the winter village associated with each. C'stexay', a creek across the river from Spuzzum, seems to have been an exception. sups, referred to the place where two small streams came together in the mountain range on the west bank of the river behind Spuzzum to form Spuzzum Creek.
Most people in Spuzzum had connections with people in other regions. Several families had close relatives among Halkomelem-speaking people either at Yale or downriver. Others were connected to people in Sq'wsxaq and Boston Bar, upriver from Spuzzum. Through both her mother and Amelia York, Annie had relatives at Nq'awmn, in the Thompson Valley, and in the associated community in the Nicola Valley, Sxexn'x ('Fourteen-Mile'). People who had moved upcountry to the Nicola Valley or Coldwater in the late nineteenth century returned regularly to the Fraser Canyon to dry salmon and attend family occasions.