By Heather M Campbell
On the finish of the Renaissance, the Western global used to be starting to switch. Explorers introduced again treasures from different lands. retailers helped strengthen the rudiments of a latest economic system. the recent Protestant faith swept throughout Europe, sparking the brutal Thirty Years struggle with Roman Catholics. by the point of the French Revolution, the realm were brought to the specific entities that also mostly make up present-day Europe, and to the progressive social, cultural, and political philosophies of the enlightenment. inside of those pages, readers will stumble upon the advancements that altered the process Europes early glossy period. the amount encompasses a wealth of completely researched details complemented through appealing pictures to attract readers into the extraordinary background of the improvement of this strong continent.
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Extra info for The Emergence of Modern Europe: c.1500 to 1788
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Sept. 21, 1558, San Jerónimo de Yuste, Spain) Charles V, who reigned as Holy Roman emperor (1519–56) and king of Spain (as Charles I, 1516–56), inherited a Spanish and Habsburg empire that not only extended across Europe from Spain and the Netherlands to Austria and the Kingdom of Naples but also reached overseas to Spanish America. Son of Philip I of Castile and grandson of the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand V and Isabella I and of Holy Roman emperor Maximilian I, he succeeded to his grandfathers’ kingdoms on their deaths in 1516 and 1519, respectively.
Many movements contributed to a reassessment of the mercantile or business life, and the rival religious confessions influenced one another. Calvinism did not really view commercial success as a sign of God’s favour until the 17th century, but 16th-century Roman Catholic scholastics (as the humanists before them) had 23 7 The Emergence of Modern Europe: c. 1500 to 1788 7 come to regard the operations of the marketplace as natural; it was good for the merchant to participate in them. Martin Luther, in emphasizing that every Christian had received a calling (Berufung) from God, gave new dignity to all secular employments.
Probably more significant (though even this is questioned) was the infusion of new stocks of precious metal, especially silver, into the money supply. The medieval economy had suffered from a chronic shortage of precious metals. From the late 15th century, however, silver output, especially from German mines, increased and remained high through the 1530s. New techniques of sinking and draining shafts, extracting ore, and refining silver made mining a booming industry. From 1550 “American treasure,” chiefly from the great silver mine at Potosí in Peru (now in Bolivia), arrived in huge volumes in Spain, and from Spain it flowed to the many European regions where Spain had significant military or political engagements.