By Yohanan Friedmann
The current quantity of the heritage of al-Tabari bargains with the years 14 and 15 of the Islamic period, which correspond to A.D. 635-637. The nascent Islamic nation had simply emerged positive from the challenge that the Prophet's dying in 632 and had suppressed what used to be often called the riddah ("apostasy") uprising within the Arabian peninsula. less than the management of 'Umar b.'al-Khattab, the second one caliph, or successor to the Prophet Muhammad, the Muslims launched into the conquests that may quickly rework the total of the center East and North Africa into an Arab empire. lots of the current quantity describes the conflict of al-Qadisiyyah, which came about at the border among the fertile Iraqi lowlands (al-sawad) and the Arabian wilderness and led to the decisive defeat of the Persian military. The Muslim victory at al-Qadisiyyah heralded the downfall of the Sasanian dynasty, which had governed Persia and Mesopotamia considering that A.D., the 3rd century; it additionally lead the way for the conquest of Iraq and facilitated Islamic enlargement in Persia and beyond.
the quantity additionally offers with the conquest of Syria and Palestine and the Expulsion of the Byzantines from these areas. specific recognition is dedicated to the traditions regarding the conquest of Jerusalem by the hands of 'Umar b. al-Khattab, the 1st Muslim prayer at the Temple Mount, and its transformation into an Islamic sanctuary.
The quantity includes colourful descriptions of many of the battles, expatiations at the bravery of the Muslim warriors, and portrayals of the futile negotiations among the events sooner than the start of hostilities. It therefore offers the reader with a desirable perception into the later Muslim traditions relating to these an important occasions of early Islamic heritage.
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Additional info for The History of al-Ṭabarī, Vol. 12: The Battle of al-Qadisiyyah and the Conquest of Syria and Palestine A.D. 635-637/A.H. 14-15
Sample text
Muljam,•' who killed `Ali b. Abi Talib. One of them was Mu`awiyah b. Hudayj,42 who, together with others, pursued the assassins of `Uthman, in order to kill them. 45 Sa`d reached ZarUd at the onset of winter and halted there, and the soldiers spread out around the place , in the watering places ( amwdh ) of Tamim and Asad. He waited for the [fighting] men to gather there and for the instructions of `Umar. He chose four thousand warriors from Tamim and al-Ribab: three thousand from Taman and one thousand from al-Ribab.
Then he ordered Sa`d to begin the march and said: "When you reach Zarud31 halt in it, and spread your men in the area around it. " According to al-Sari -Shu`ayb-Sayf--Muhammad b. Sugaha man: Four hundred Sakunis passed by with the vanguard of the tribe of Kindah, with Hugayn b. Numayr al-Sakuni3" and Mu`awiyah b. Hudayj, and `Umar encountered them. Among them, with Mu`awiyah b. Hudayj,39 were young men of black complexion and straight hair. `Umar turned his face away from them several times until it was said to him : "Do you have anything against these people?
According to al-Sari b. Yaliyi - Shucayb b. Ibrahim - Sayf b. [zz r 6] `Umar - Sahl b. Yusuf - al-Qisim b. Mul ammad: Abu Bakr had appointed SaCd (b. Abi Wagga$] to collect the alms of Hawizin20 in Najd, and `Umar confirmed his appointment. When `Umar was recruiting the people, he wrote to Sad [as he did to the other governors] and asked him to choose horsemen and [other) armed fighting men, people with sound judgment and valor. Sa`d replied by letter, in which he listed the men whom he was able to gather, with God's help.