By Hikmet Ozdemir
What sort of courting exists among wars and epidemics? it really is broadly held that epidemics affected the results of many wars and, till global battle II, extra sufferers of warfare died of illness than of conflict wounds. Many ailment vectors are found in occasions of clash, together with mass hobbies of individuals throughout borders and elevated touch among people of other geographic areas, but sickness is never taken care of intensive in histories of struggle. Hikmet ?zdemir’s The Ottoman military, 1914–1918 offers vast documentation of disorder and dying around the Ottoman Empire in the course of global conflict I, whilst epidemic ailments annihilated armies and triggered civilians to perish en masse. Drawing on health facility documents and data on local disorder incidence, ?zdemir examines the consequences that ailment and epidemic had at the final result of the conflict. the data on sickness mortality explains a lot that hasn't ever been accurately understood approximately wartime occasions and govt activities, occasions that basically start to make experience whilst the sickness issue is taken into account. wealthy intimately, this is often a very useful e-book that illuminates a side of the conflict that has no longer been properly thought of earlier.
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Additional info for The Ottoman Army 1914-1918: Disease and Death on the Battlefield (Utah Series in Turkish and Islamic Studies)
Example text
At a temperature 5 degrees below 0 Celsius, it was a torture to task those insufficiently clothed young village boys to guard the front door. When the whole division was on horses for inspection in the early morning, I saw their naked feet twisted on the iron stirrups because of the cold. I felt ashamed of seeing them. At the same time, I wondered how those soldiers could fight in a battle. I went to Erzurum on 1 October 1914. I told the Army Commander (Hasan İzzet Pasha) about my impressions of the general situation of the cavalry regiments, their equipment, and their combat readiness.
Although separate graves were dug in the field, all corpses were amassed together. The hardened arms and legs could not be buried properly and were visible above the ground. Most of those poor people died on their way to hospital, in the places where they had fallen down. On the other side of the road, men in white clothes were digging very large holes. At first, I thought that they were for the dead people from the area. After a while, however, I saw a large convoy of carriages bringing the dead people, who would be buried in the holes, unknown to anyone, and no tears being shed for them.
The soldier doing the private service of Kemal Bey died in our house in miserable conditions. We found the poor man this morning lying doubled up in the stable of our house. Monday, 11 November. The worst of all is the threat of cholera, as I had previously mentioned. …↜Since no fresh water can be found here, soldiers are drinking water from dirty puddles. All of the men seem scrawny. Under those miserable conditions, it would be impossible for them to endure epidemics, rain, cold, and hunger any longer.