By Christina Schaffner
Translation norms are understood as internalized behavioural constraints which embrace the values shared by means of a group. within the major contributions it's argued that each one judgements within the translation procedure are essentially ruled by way of norms. The explanatory strength of a norm-based idea of translation is then significantly mirrored upon within the debates and the responses.
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Example text
For example, the biographer of both Strindberg and Ibsen very happily declared that Ibsen is a very good writer, but Strindberg is a less good writer. It is only if you compare the existing literary norms in the Anglo-Saxon tradition with the norms within which Ibsen and Strindberg wrote, that you realise that Ibsen was much closer to the literary norm in Anglo-Saxon culture. You then understand why whatever the translator does, some translations would be branded as 'bad'. And this has much to do with the difference of the existing norms.
And even though I have been working with the notion of norm for 25 years, I would not pretend to have all the answers to the questions I myself ask. There are probably many questions I have never even asked! I do not see anything wrong with this. In one of my articles I called translation studies an 'optimistic discipline' because there is always some new question to address. And I do research into translation because it is a fascinating issue. Theo Hermans: When you say that you should let the corpus generate the questions, you are putting the cart before the horse.
They are not rules, but they are more like maxims. If there is an application to teaching, it is because you can show students the kinds of guidelines which people appear to have been guided by in the past. Gideon Toury: This is what you can do in that part of a training programme where you look at translations that were done in the past and discuss the outcome. Once you come to workshops in practical translation you cannot start a discussion of historical issues. Paul Chilton: I agree with Kirsten that it would be interesting to look at the Gricean maxims, or norms.