By John Alton Peterson
"On Sunday nine April 1865, Ulysses S. provide and Robert E. Lee met within the parlor of Wilmer McLean’s brick domestic in Appomattox court docket condo, Virginia, to barter the belief of the Civil battle. that very same day, a long way to the west, a handful of Mormons and northerly Utes met within the imperative Utah city of Manti in an try to in achieving a peace in their personal. in contrast to the negotiations at Appomattox, even though, these in Manti failed, and the occasions that transpired there are considered because the starting of Utah’s Black Hawk battle, the longest and so much critical Indian-white clash in Utah history." —From the bookSo starts off the tale of Black Hawk, Ute Indian warrior leader and magnificent strategist, and Brigham younger, sagacious spiritual and political chief of the Mormons. robust and unyielding males solid via problem and conviction, either respected and either reviled of their occasions. One, orchestrating a notable crusade to show again the tide of white enlargement and forestall the extinction of his humans, the opposite, trying to retain his exiled church and its thriving utopian society sovereign and intact. males of certain races, ideals, and cultures, yet sharing a selection to maintain U.S. squaddies out in their bloody clash for keep watch over of land and different assets within the Utah territory.From 1865 to 1867, the warrior Black Hawk, often referred to as Antonga, led a mixed strength of Utes, Navajos, and Paiutes in a chain of extreme inventory raids at the Mormon settlements in Utah territory. Black Hawk astutely judged that political clash among the government and Mormon Utah might retain U.S. infantrymen from chastising his band. in addition, the antagonism of Washington towards Utah’s polygamy, theocracy, and isolationism made Mormon chief Brigham younger cautious of looking federal aid. actually, to maintain the govt from utilizing the struggle as a pretext for sending extra troops to Utah, the Mormons withheld details, making the Black Hawk warfare a nearly mystery struggle so far as the remainder of the kingdom used to be involved. As directed by way of Brigham younger, Utah’s Latter-day Saint voters mobilized a church military, the Nauvoo Legion, to repel Indian assaults. but Black Hawk and others have been capable of keep it up their actions for nearly 8 years with out incurring the federal army reprisals that Indians on all 4 facets of the Mormon heartland skilled. Bloodshed on either side plunged Mormons and Indians right into a battle of vengeance—years of killing and raiding that persisted until eventually federal troops stepped in 1872.In this extraordinary quantity, historian John Peterson offers the 1st finished research of a distinct and compelling bankruptcy of western background and of the violent and chronic clash it engendered. Utah’s Black Hawk conflict not just explores political intricacies and broader implications, scrutinizing the Mormons' Indian policies—most significantly Brigham Young’s outstanding "better to feed them than struggle them" teachings—but additionally provides brilliant narrative bills of assorted raids and battles. the result's a masterfully researched and engagingly written account of Utah’s mystery struggle, a struggle principally unknown between western historical past scholars, students, and enthusiasts—until now.
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Extra info for Utah's Black Hawk War
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Page 6 object. Dazzled by visions of the destiny of the Lamanite in the last days, these first Latter-day Saint missionaries turned their faces westward and ultimately drew their church with them, securing for the Mormon people a vital role in the settling of the American West. Mormons essentially became the first group of white settlers in the interior West, extending their dominion over a huge area. Latter-day Saint Indian relations, therefore, should be of prime concern to students of the history of the western United States.
Cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. Black Hawk War (Utah), 1865-1872. Title. 8'2dc21 98-21752 Page v For Linda, Jeff, Jaren, Jennifer, Kerstin, and Derek, who, like some of their ancestors, temporarily gave up husband and father that he might chase Black Hawk. And for Betty, who gave me life, and Chas, who gave me a love for History. Page vi I have made a ceaseless effort not to ridicule, not to bewail, nor to scorn human actions, but to understand them. Spinoza Page vii Contents Acknowledgments viii List of Abbreviations x Maps xii Introduction 1 1.
Witnessing the agony his association with settlers had brought to his band, however, quickly (and thoroughly) transformed him from the Latter-day Saints' leading Ute ally to one of the most truculent and outspoken leaders of Ute resistence to Mormon settlement. For more than a decade before the beginning of the Black Hawk War, Antonga Black Hawk, along with Wakara, Tintic, and Squash-Head, was one of the four most important native opponents of Mormon colonization. Latter-day Saint writers have accorded Black Hawk a certain significance but more as the fiendish leader of a cruel and costly outbreak than as a Native American leader with remarkable vision and capacity.