By Jose Cortes, Elizabeth A.H. John, John Wheat
Lieutenant Jose Cortes of the Spanish Royal Corps of Engineers used to be a prepared observer of the local peoples of the Northern Borderlands of latest Spain. particularly serious about the Apaches whom he saw at frontier presidios within the 1790s, he gleaned all attainable details from veterans of the frontier carrier, and within the procedure grew from sympathetic inquirer to digital suggest. spotting the strategic significance not just of the Apacheria but additionally of Indian peoples within the farthest reaches of recent Spain, the zealous officer combed to be had data, summarizing info said over 1 / 4 century via the nearest observers of recent Spain’s frontier peoples from the Mississippi to the Pacific. surroundings that details in a world strategic context, he paid specific attention--both admiring and cautionary--to the hot Anglo-American republic, stressing the demographic elements making the USA this sort of harmful neighbor to New Spain.His ensuing file at the Northern Provinces of recent Spain offers the main heavily knowledgeable, most sensible equipped knowing of Apaches to be had on the finish of the eighteenth century. It additionally presents a unprecedented glimpse of a cosmopolitan Spaniard’s snatch of the hazards boding the tip of Spanish empire in the US.
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Sample text
Since earning initial recognition as a painter, Houser has won still greater international fame as a sculptor whose extraordinarily beautiful, sophisticated works evoke the timeless spirituality of Apaches and occasionally of such neighboring peoples as Navajos and Pueblos. Those dimensions of Apache life were beyond the ken of Cortés, but their contemporary expressions by Houser harmonize with the Spanish engineer's sense of Apache potential. The Cortés map reproduced in the Editor's Introduction is of much less satisfactory quality than either the publisher or I would wish, since the physical peculiarities of the original described in the Introduction make it virtually impossible to reproduce intelligibly.
Dr. Fireman, who pioneered the study of the Royal Engineers in the Borderlands, also read the manuscript for the publisher and made helpful suggestions. The endeavor drew upon the patient cooperation of many librarians and archivists in Madrid, Segovia, Simancas, Seville, and Cádiz, in Spain, as well as in the British Library, to which I returned in 1986 to clear up questions that had emerged since I first encountered the Memorias there in 1979. In Mexico City, I incurred still further debts of gratitude to archivists and librarians, and to the many citizens who responded helpfully to my search for the site of a building designed by Cortés.
In proof of the abundance of the latter metal, it is enough to recall the Real de la Cieneguilla placer mine and many others. 5 The riverbeds carry grains of gold that maintain many Indians and increase the prosperity of traders. The best experts affirm that there is no piece of land which does not contain a greater or lesser quantity of grains or par- Page 23 ticles of gold. The most convincing proof of the abundance of silver and gold in the two aforesaid provinces of [Nueva] Vizcaya and Sonora are the many bars, disks, and grains that are offered in trade with the royal account by private individuals, as well as the shipments that mine owners forward to the aforesaid Royal Mint.